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COVID-19 Resources & References
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Resources To Track Pandemic
Schools
Long COVID
Animal Hosts
Pregnancy
Hybrid Immunity
Getting to and Sustaining the New Normal
https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Getting-to-and-Sustaining-the-Next-Normal-A-Roadmap-for-Living-with-Covid-Report-Final.pdf
The Lancet Commission on lessons for the future from the COVID-19
pandemic
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(22)01585-9/fulltext
Schools
HW USA School
Publications & Resources
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Spread of Virus By Children
1. Case Tracking in South Korea:
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/10/20-1315_article
2. Misinformation from Sweden:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-022-01097-5
3. Multi-generational Family:
https://www.gu.org/resources/multigenerational-families/
4. Evidence grows that children may play a larger role in
transmission than previously believed:
https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2020/08/20/children-coronavirus-spread-transmission/
Masks Work In
Schools
1. Association Between K–12 School Mask Policies and
School-Associated COVID-19 Outbreaks — Maricopa and Pima Counties,
Arizona, July–August 2021
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7039e1.htm
2. Pediatric COVID-19 Cases in Counties With and Without School Mask
Requirements — United States, July 1–September 4, 2021
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7039e3.htm
3. Studies Show More COVID-19 Cases in Areas Without School Masking
Policies
https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/p0924-school-masking.html
4. Mass Schools Found to have an increase in COVID-19 cases in
Caregivers and Children once masking requirements were lifted.
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.09.22278385v1
NEJM:
https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2211029
Air Quality
1. Parents Using CO2 Monitors:
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/10/health/coronavirus-ventilation-carbon-dioxide.html
Spread by School Sporting Events.
1. KY: Surge in cases tied to baseball games:
https://www.kentucky.com/news/state/kentucky/article257540853.html
2. Even tied to KY Derby:
https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/doctors-seeing-increase-in-covid-following-derby-jefferson-county-back-to-medium-risk/ar-AAX53z4
Spread of Omicron
in Schools:
"Children aged 10 to 19 yrs. played the greatest relative role in
propagating Omicron epidemics, particularly when schools were open,
followed by children aged 0-9y and adults aged 20-29y, as well as
adults aged 30-49y."
https://lnkd.in/gHqT5C23
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.22.22283867v1
Deaths of Children Caregivers > 200,000
1.
https://www.newsweek.com/covid-orphans-over-200000-children-lost-parent-caregiver-1675856
2.
https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/200000-us-children-lost-parent-caregiver-covid-efforts-help-haphazard-rcna16140
Antibody Incidence of Viral Infection in Children Greater
Than Adults.
1. 74.5% in 0 to 11 yr olds verses 49.8% in 18 to
49 yr olds.
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7117e3.htm
Long Covid
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Incidence
1. 30% of cases treated for COVID develop Long COVID
https://www.uclahealth.org/news/about-30-covid-patients-develop-long-covid-ucla-research
2. 1- to 30% of people with COVID-19 develop Long COVID:
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/uk-data-sheds-light-on-long-covid-groups-at-risk-omicron-and-more
3. High-dimensional characterization of post-acute sequelae of
COVID-19. Almost 1% incidence of dying in Post Acute Period:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03553-9
4. In the UK, 2.1% of population report symptoms of Long-COVID:
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/uk-data-sheds-light-on-long-covid-groups-at-risk-omicron-and-more
5. Long COVID, shrinking the UK Workforce:
https://qz.com/work/2167480/long-covid-is-shrinking-the-workforce/
6. Little or no improvement 6 to 18 months post
infectoin.(incidence of 42%)
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-33415-5
7. Study from Israel, 1 in 3 develope Long COVID
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02813432.2022.2139480
Reinfections
1. Double the risk of Post COVID sequella.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-022-02051-3
Children-Long COVID
1. At Least Half a Million U.S. Kinds Have Long COVID
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2022-05-06/coronavirus-latest-half-a-million-u-s-kids-may-suffer-from-long-covid
2. Germany - Controlled Study. Long COVID occures in
Chidren Less Frequently than adults. Chilren post COVID were
30% more likely than controls to have long term symptesm (2.28 times
more likly to have fatigue and exhaustion)
https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1004122
Immunosupression
1. Respiratory Spread and the Flawed Concept of Immunological Debt:
A New Understanding
https://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/view/respiratory-spread-flawed-concept-immunological-debt-new-understanding
2. ‘Immunity debt’: Why experts say this new term promotes
COVID-19 ‘misinformation’
https://globalnews.ca/news/9272293/immunity-debt-covid-19-misinformation/
3.
What If COVID Reinfections Wear Down Our Immunity?
https://thetyee.ca/Analysis/2022/11/07/COVID-Reinfections-And-Immunity/
General Articles
1. Prevalence of ongoing symptoms following coronavirus
(COVID-19) infection in the UK: 1 April 2021:
https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/
conditionsanddiseases/bulletins/prevalenceofongoingsymptomsfollowing
coronaviruscovid19infectionintheuk/1april2021#prevalence-of-ongoing-symptoms-following-coronavirus-infection-in-the-uk-data
2. Prevalence of ongoing symptoms following coronavirus (COVID-19)
infection in the UK : 3 February 2022:
https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/
conditionsanddiseases/bulletins/prevalenceofongoingsymptomsfollowing
coronaviruscovid19infectionintheuk/3february2022
3. Persistent Symptoms in Patients After Acute COVID-19:
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2768351
Cognition
1. Virus affects Olfactory Center In the Brain:
https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/long-covid-even-mild-covid-linked-damage-brain-months-infection-rcna18959
2. 60% of people diagnosed with COVID-19 have a loss of smell.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/coronavirus-destroys-lungs-but-doctors-are-finding-its-damage-in-kidneys-hearts-and-elsewhere/2020/04/14/7ff71ee0-7db1-11ea-a3ee-13e1ae0a3571_story.html
3. 70% of those who have long COVID develop cognitive impairment,
brain fog or memory difficulties:
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2022.804937/full
4. Severe COVID: Loss of 7 IQ Points:
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(21)00324-2/fulltext
5. In Hospital and Greater than 60 years of age: Almost a 3% chance
of dementia and a 9.1% chance of mild cognitive decline.
https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/generalneurology/97564
Heart
1. Hospitalized patients without ICU, almost double the risk of
heart disease:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-022-01689-3/>
2. 20% of patients to the hospital
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2763524
Kidneys
1. (At 6 months: Non-hospitalized 0.3%, Hospitalized 4.6%, In the
ICU 7.4% )
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34470828/;
2. Kidney injury seen in more than a third of hospitalized COVID-19
patients: U.S. study.
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-kidney/kidney-injury-seen-in-more-than-a-third-of-hospitalized-covid-19-patients-u-s-study-idUSKBN22Q0U7
3. “Even more alarming, he added, is early data that shows 14 to 30
percent of intensive-care patients in New York and Wuhan, China —
birthplace of the pandemic — losing kidney function and requiring
dialysis, or its in-hospital cousin, continuous renal replacement
therapy”
https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/coronavirus-destroys-lungs-but-doctors-are-finding-its-damage-in-kidneys-hearts-and-elsewhere/2020/04/14/7ff71ee0-7db1-11ea-a3ee-13e1ae0a3571_story.html
Prevention with Vaccines
1. Study suggests COVID-19 vaccine protective against
post-acute sequelae COVID-19 symptoms, new onset of health
conditions and mortality.-- About 15% to 40% lower.
https://dgalerts.docguide.com/ncov-home/article/study-suggests-covid-19-vaccine-protective-against-post-acute-sequelae-covid-19-symptoms-new-onset-of-health-conditions-and-mortality"
https://dgalerts.docguide.com/ncov-home/article/study-suggests-covid-19-vaccine-protective-against-post-acute-sequelae-covid-19-symptoms-new-onset-of-health-conditions-and-mortality
https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article/9/7/ofac228/6582238
2. The protective effect of covid-19 vaccination on post-acute
sequelae of covid-19 (pasc): a multicenter study from a large
national health research network.
https://academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/ofid/ofac228/6582238
3. Vaccination Linked to Reduction in Long COVID Symptoms | MedPage
Today.
https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article/9/7/ofac228/6582238
https://www.medpagetoday.com/infectiousdisease/covid19vaccine/98795
4. Trajectory of long covid symptoms after covid-19 vaccination:
community based cohort study.
https://www.bmj.com/content/377/bmj-2021-069676
5. Long COVID after breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-022-01840-0
6. 41% decease observed by the UK Office of National
Statistics
https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/
conditionsanddiseases/bulletins/selfreportedlongcovidaftertwodosesofacorona
viruscovid19vaccineintheuk/26january2022
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2794072
7. RECOVER Program -- 33% decrease in the Incidence of
Long COVID.
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.06.22280795v1
8. Boosted vs Unvacinated a 38% decrease in Long COVID
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2794072
Paxlovid Lowers Chances of Long COVID Three pills of Paxlovid taken twice a day for five days had
a 26% lower risk of long COVID.
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.03.22281783v1.full
Animal Hosts;
Top of Page
1. Hamsters in China put down after
testing positive for COVID-19 (msn.com)
https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/hamsters-in-china-put-down-after-testing-positive-for-covid-19/ar-AASTZew
2. SARS-CoV-2 exposure in wild white-tailed deer (Odocoileus
virginianus) | bioRxiv
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.29.454326v1
3. A coronavirus outbreak in Iowa deer is prompting scientists to
worry if the animals could be a reservoir for the virus in the long
term (msn.com)
https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/a-coronavirus-outbreak-in-iowa-deer-is-prompting-scientists-to-worry-if-the-animals-could-be-a-reservoir-for-the-virus-in-the-long-term/ar-AAQgRbp
4. White-tailed deer have tested positive for COVID-19 in NY. Here's
what hunters should do.
https://www.pressconnects.com/story/news/local/2021/09/28/white-tail-deer-covid-positive-new-york-hunters-safely-eat-meat/5815817001/
5. Deer in Iowa appear to be catching COVID-19 from humans. Could it
happen in other states?
https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2021/11/03/iowa-deer-seem-to-be-catching-covid-humans/6265831001/
6. The coronavirus is rife in common US deer (nature.com)
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02110-8
7. New York Deer Infected With Omicron, Study Finds
https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/07/health/omicron-deer-staten-island-covid.html
8. Researchers may have ID’ed first deer-to-human SARS-CoV-2
transmission
https://arstechnica.com/science/2022/03/researchers-may-have-ided-first-deer-to-human-sars-cov-2-transmission/
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-022-01268-9
Pregnancy
Top of Page
1. COVI1. COVID-19 exposure during pregnancy may
be associated with more likely to receive a neurodevelopmental
diagnosis
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2793178
2. COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy:
early experience from a single institution. "This series describes
our experience with women who received an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine
during pregnancy. In line with other published findings,2 we
observed no concerning trends. There were no stillbirths. Our 6.5%
rate of spontaneous abortion is within the expected rate of 10%,3
and our preterm birth rate of 5.9% is below the national average of
9.5%"
https://www.ajogmfm.org/article/S2589-9333(21)00159-2/fulltext
3. Pregnant Women Who Receive COVID-19
Vaccination Pass Protection from the Virus to Their Newborns
"High levels of transplacental antibody transfer are not surprising.
It is consistent with what we see with other immunizations. Our
findings add to a growing list of important reasons why women should
be advised to receive the COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy for the
added benefit of their newborn receiving crucial protection,"
https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/pregnant-women-who-receive-covid-19-vaccination-pass-protection-from-the-virus-to-their-newborns-301382581.html
4. mRNA Vaccines produce Ten fold higher anitbody levels in Pregnant
mothers, also protect unborn child.
https://www.usnews.com/news/health-news/articles/2022-11-10/for-pregnant-women-and-their-newborns-covid-vaccine-offers-better-protection-than-prior-infection
Natural Versus Vaccine Immunity -- Hybrid is Strongest
 1.
SARS-CoV-2 hybrid immunity: silver bullet or silver lining?
Hybrid immunity emerged as a form of ‘super immunity’ in 2021, when
convalescent people receiving vaccine doses were found to have
neutralizing antibody titres on average 50-fold higher than
unvaccinated convalescent individuals1. As breakthrough infections
emerged in vaccinated people, hybrid immunity became an established
arm of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune landscape.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-022-00771-8
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